Summary -

In this topic, we described about the below sections -

File/Directory Basics -

Command→Description
mkdir → Making Directory
cd → Change the Directory
clear → Clear Commands
pwd → Present Working Directory
date → Display Date
who am I → Display the user name
rm → Delete files
ls → list files
cp → Copy files CP <source-path> <destination-path>
mv → Renaming the files mv <source-path> <renaming-path>
ln → Link files
rmdir → Remove directory

File Viewing Commands -

Command→Description
cat → View files
less → page through files
head → view file from beginning (1st 10 records will be displayed)
tail → view file ending (last 10 records will be displayed)
nl → displays number of lines
od → view the binary data
xxd → view hexa binary data
gv → view post script/pdf files
xdvi → view text dvi files

File Creation & Editing -

Command→Description
emacs → text editor
pico → text editor
vi → text editor
umask → set default file protections
abiword → edit word documents
gnumeric → edit excel documents

File properties -

Command→Description
stat → display file attributes
wc → count bytes/words/lines
du → measure disk usage
file → identify file types
touch → change the file stamps
chown → change the file owner
chgrp → change the file group
chmod → change file protections
chattr → change advance file attributes
lsattr → list advance file attributes

File Searching -

Command→Description
find → locate files
s locate → locate files via index
which → locate commands
whereis → locate standard files

File text manipulation -

Command→Description
grep → search text for matching lines
cut → extract columns
paste → append columns
tr → translate characters
sort → sort lines
uniq → locate identical lines
tee → copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously

File compression -

Command→Description
gzip → compress files (GN Zip)
compress → compress files(unix)
bzip2 → compress files(bzip2)
zip → compress files(windows zip)

File comparison -

Command→Description
diff → compare files line by line
comm → compare sorted files
cmp → compare files byte by byte
md5sum → compute check sums

Spelling operations -

Command→Description
look → lookup spelling
aspell → check spelling interactively
spell → check spelling in batch

Disk and file systems -

Command→Description
df → show free space
mount → make a disk available
fsck → check the disk for errors
sync → flush disk caches

Backups and remote storage -

Command→Description
mt → control a tape device
dump → backup a disk
restore → restore a dump
tar → read/write tape archives
cd record → burn a cd
rsync → mirror a set of files

Printing -

Command→Description
lpr → print files
lpq → view print queue
lprm → remove print jobs

Audio & video -

Command→Description
grip → play CDs & ripmp3
xmms → Play Audi files

Processes -

Command→Description
ps → List all processes
w → List user’s processes
uptime → view the system load
top → monitor processes
xload → monitor system load
free → display free memory
kill → terminate process
nice → Set process priorities
renice → change process priorities

Scheduling jobs -

Command→Description
sleep → wait for some time
watch → run programs at set intervals
at → schedule a job
crontab → Schedule repeated jobs

Hosts -

Command→Description
uname → print the system information
hostname → print the system’s hostname
ifconfig → set/display network information
host → lookup DNS
who is → lookup domain registrants.
Ping → check if the host is reachable
Trace route → view network path to host

Networking -

Command→Description
Ssh → securely login into remote hosts
telnet → log into remote hosts
scp → securely copy files between hosts
sftp → securely copy files between hosts
ftp → copy the files between shots
evolution → GUI email client
mutt → text-based email client
mail → minimal email client
Mozilla → web browser
Lynx → text only web browser
Wget → retrieve web pages to disk
Srln → read UseNet news
Gaim → instant messaging/IRC
Talk → linux/unix chat
Write → send mesgs to terminal
Mesg → prohibit talk/write