Summary -

In this topic, we described about the Operators Reference in detail.

SQL Operators are classified into different types as Arithmetic, Character, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise, Set Operators that are listed as follows –

SQL Arithmetic operators are listed as follows -

Operato Operation Name Description
+ (Unary) Unary Addition Makes Operand positive
-(Unary) Unary Minus Makes operand negative
+ Addition Adds the value of both operands.
- Subtraction Subtract the right-hand operand from the left-hand operand.
* Multiplication Multiply the values of both operands.
/ Division Divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand and gives the result
% Modulus Divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand and returns the remainder.

SQL Character operators are listed as follows –

Operator Operation Name Description
|| Concatenate Operator Concatenate the two strings or a string with column values.

SQL Comparison operators are listed as follows –

Operator Operation Name Description
= Equal Checks if column values are equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!= Not Equal Checks if column values are not equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<>  Not Equal Checks if column values are not equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
>  Greater than Checks if column values are greater than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<  Less than Checks if column values are less than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
>= Greater than or equal to Checks if column values are greater than or equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<= Less than or equal to Checks if column values are less than or equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!> Not greater than Checks if column values are not greater than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!< Not less than Checks if column values are not less than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
IN Compares with a specified list of values.
BETWEEN Searches the value within the values specified.
ALL Compares the value with all the values in the value set.
ANY Compares the value against any value in the values set.
EXISTS Searches the presence of the row in the table and sets TRUE if sub query gets single row.
LIKE Searches the similar words using wildcard operator.
SOME Similar to ANY operator. However, the search is restricted to some of the values present in the set of values.
IS NULL Compares a value with a NULL.

SQL logical operators are listed as follows –

Operator Description
AND Allows or combines multiple conditions in an SQL statement.
OR Combines multiple conditions in SQL Statement.
NOT Applies on logical operators only. Reverses the meaning of any logical operators.

SQL Bitwise operators are listed as follows –

Operators Description
Bitwise AND (&) The numerical values are converted into binary values and operation is performed, result again converted into numerical form.
Bitwise OR (|) The numerical values are converted into binary form, then or operation is performed.
Bitwise exclusive OR (^) The numerical values converted into binary form, then Exclusive or operation is performed.

SQL Set operators are listed as follows –

Operators Description
UNION Select all distinct rows selected by either query.
UNION ALL Returns all the rows selected from two rows including duplicates.
INTERSECT or INTERSECT ALL Returns all distinct rows selected by both rows.
MINUS Returns all distinct rows selected by the first query but not from the second one.